12 Adab of Ulama According to Imam Al-Ghazali

12 Adab of Ulama According to Imam Al-Ghazali

Being a quality scholar figure is of course not only those who are able to see the verses of qauliyah (al-Qur'an-Sunnah) and kauniah (the universe), but also must have a spiritual soul and manners as a scholar who can influence the morals of society and provide maximum benefit to human life.

Imam Al-Ghazali (450-505 H) in his treatise entitled al-Adab fid Din in Majmu'ah Rasail al-Imam al-Ghazali (Cairo, Al-Maktabah At-Taufiqiyyah, t.th., page 431) explains about adab - adab of a scholar:

   لها وإن كانت من الخصم

It means:

"The adab of the pious (teacher), namely: not stopping studying knowledge, acting with knowledge, always being calm, not being arrogant in ordering or calling someone, being gentle with students, not being proud of oneself, asking questions that slow people can understand, humble by saying, 'I don't know,' willing to briefly answer questions asked by questioners whose thinking ability is still limited, avoid unreasonable attitudes, listen and accept arguments from others even though he is an opponent.”

From the quotation above, it can be described the eleven adab of pious people (teachers) as follows:

First, do not stop studying. Seeking knowledge has no end because this obligation is carried out from the mother's cradle to the grave.

Second, act with knowledge. The pious person (teacher) should act based on knowledge especially in relation to worship. Even outside of worship, an action must also be in accordance with related knowledge.

Third, always stay calm. Knowledgeable people are certainly calm in dealing with various problems. This is one of the things that distinguishes between knowledgeable and uneducated people. Especially in dealing with students who are responsible for education, a teacher should be patient and unemotional.

Fourth, don't be arrogant in ordering or summoning someone. The pious person (teacher) is required to emulate the qualities of the Prophet Muhammad as much as possible. This is in line with the hadith which states that the scholars are the heirs of the Prophet.

Fifth, be gentle with students. It is highly discouraged for pious people (teachers) to be harsh, let alone cruel to their students because this will greatly affect their behavior.

Sixth, do not boast. The pious person (teacher) should not be proud of all the achievements he has achieved because this can lead him to an attitude of ujub, namely self-admiration which in the end creates arrogance.

Seventh, ask questions that can be understood by people who are slow to think. The level of difficulty of the questions asked to a student, for example, must be adjusted to the level of thinking ability or how extensive their knowledge is.

Eighth, humble by saying, "I do not know."

Ninth, be willing to answer briefly (simple) questions asked by questioners whose thinking abilities are still limited.

Tenth, avoid unnatural attitudes. A teacher should always be fair to his students. He doesn't need to be too hard or otherwise too soft.

Eleventh, hear and accept arguments from others even though he is an opponent. A teacher should be accommodative to arguments wherever they come from, including from people who disagree with them by listening and considering whether or not the argument is strong. This means that a teacher should not be a priori to the opinions of others.

In essence, a quality scholar figure is not only capable of intelligently and analytically studying classical literature, or being able to keep up with the times in an adaptive-accommodative-contextual manner, but also must have a spiritual soul that contains moral values that will influence the characteristics of the people in their lives.

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